Business Approach to the Use of Primary and Secondary Research Essay

Business Approach to the Use of Primary and Secondary Research - Essay Example As per the examination discoveries, Primary Market Research and Secondary Market Research are the two classes of statistical surveying. So as to get a general balanced and flawless delineation of the prerequisites, requests, and needs of your business, essential and auxiliary statistical surveying ought to in a perfect world be utilized in simultaneousness with each other. Neither can be utilized as an independent apparatus to accumulate all the indispensable and pertinent data for a fruitful marketable strategy. In any case, utilizing both empowers a business to assemble all the necessary information expected to recognize and arrive at the objective market. Using essential research alone, without first observing what has or has not worked for various associations, is at risk to speed up unimportant requests or botched opportunities. Meanwhile, contingent uniquely upon auxiliary research is inclined to drawback you with reactions that are questionable or wrong to your specific object ive market. Business condition look into ordinarily involves sociographics, advertise size and patterns, business guidelines, and socioeconomics to build up a client or potentially contender profile. The prime focal point of essential research is to accumulate and uncover unique information. To envelop information assortment and information and afterward dissect the outcomes is fundamental for a viable and fruitful marketable strategy endeavoring to arrive at its intended interest group. Essential research is directed to procure data about the unanswered or ambiguous inquiries. So as to gather important information, one beginnings from the scratch and each progression of the exploration procedure should be finished. It can likewise be said that information is gathered from this present reality in essential research (Penn). Utilizing different methods and techniques, a business gathers information all alone or recruits somebody to gather information and data on its behalf.â

The first division is Selection Bias Essay Example for Free

The primary division is Selection Bias Essay Inclination is in fact the deviation of the likely estimation of a possibility variable from the resultant right or transferred esteem (US NRC, 2007). It is the separation including the test normal of estimations held at rehashed case and a reference worth, or alluded to as precision. Inclination is determined and verbalized at a lone situation inside the working exhibit of the estimation framework (Measurement Media, 2008) and is apparent in the social affair of Retrospective records. Review information are obtained through meetings and surveys. On the other hand, planned information are accomplished using existing records taken from past examinations (ABC, 2008). There are three principle divisions of inclination. The main division is Selection Bias. Fundamentally, determination inclination happens when the themes considered don't give appropriate body or portrayal of the objective populace about which final products are to be taken from (Coggon, Rose, Barker, 1997). In determination inclination, when the association of introduction and liquor abuse is divergent for the individuals who finish an investigation assessed with the individuals who coordinate the qualities of the objective populace, everyone is chosen; they are for which the proportion of impact is being thought of (Ibrahim, Alexander, Shy Farr, 1999). For a situation study including heavy drinkers, choice predisposition is portrayed where the individuals who volunteer to answer surveys may have not at all like character than the proposed individual in the objective populace. In the principle, people who don't respond to solicitations to be assessed have unexpected attributes in comparison to responders. Inclination will be set up if the relationship among presentation and liquor addiction contrasts between the outcomes for the examination volunteers and non-responders. The second division of predisposition is the Information Bias. This significant kind of inclination happens from mistakes in estimating introduction or liquor addiction. In an examination to figure around the general danger of liquor admission and street mishaps, related with introduction to wines, brews and spirits, drunkards were requested for data about their contact and presentation with such substances before driving, and their reactions were contrasted and those from control heavy drinkers. With this devise, there is a peril that case, or variable, moms, who are amazingly urged to discover what they drank the most in the territory of the drinking meeting, may recall recollections of past contact more totally than the drunkards from the benchmark group. In the event that that would be the situation, a predisposition would item with an inclination to exaggerate hazard gauges (Coggon, Rose, Barker, 1997). Review Bias is remembered for this kind of inclination. Review predisposition happens when a respondent is approached to identify with a specific subject, and they either overstate what data or preclude data they think isn’t fitting for consideration. Information could be conflicting or imperfect when epidemiological examination results are found by means of review information gathering (ABC, 2008). On account of the heavy drinkers, review inclination may end up being a danger. In the event that a mishap occurs, and extreme liquor utilization is taken as the guilty party, the respondent may give out data for him rendering a holier than thou interpretation of what truly occurred previously. Some probably won't state that they had been drinking before driving, while others may state that they had liquor consumption more than what was required. What I find in this is these individuals are attempting to ensure their pride as an individual, and their disclosures may be set facing their wills. Seeing as this is a danger, there may be a danger of imbalanced data and results accumulated for this specific epidemiological examination. In the arranging of contextual analyses, the evaluators must make sure that they incorporate the review predisposition of their respondents toward a specific point, particularly on the off chance that they are utilizing an essential kind of information gathering; utilizing polls, overviews and meetings. References 74. 4 Definitions. (2007). On the web, United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Recovered on July 10, 2008 from http://www. nrc. gov/perusing rm/doc-assortments/cfr/part074/part074-0004. html Bias. (2008). On the web, Measurement Databases for Industry and Science. Recovered on July 10, 2008 from http://measurementdb. com/list. php? name=Sectionsreq=viewarticleartid=17page=1 Coggon, D. , Rose, G. Barker, DJP (1997). The study of disease transmission for the Uninitiated. On the web, BMJ Publishing. Recovered on July 10, 2008 from http://www. bmj. com/epidem/epid. 4. html Hassan, E. (2006). Review predisposition can be a danger to review and forthcoming exploration plans. Web Journal of Epidemiology, 2(3), 4-4. Ibrahim, M. Alexander, L. Modest, C. Farr, S. (1999). Determination Bias. PDF File, ERIC Notebook. Recovered on July 10, 2008 from http://www. durham. hsrd. inquire about. va. gov/eric/note pad/ERICIssue08. pdf What is Recall Bias? (2008). On the web, Abortion Breast Cancer (ABC). Recovered on July 10, 2008 from http://www. abortionbreastcancer. com/predisposition/list. htm

Best Reissued Classics in the UK

Best Reissued Classics in the UK With the holiday season right around the corner, you must be looking for ideas for those near and dear who are book lovers. This list of newly reissued classics from around the world will take care of your gifting woes. Featuring stunning designs and sumptuous tales, these books are a treasure inside and out. The new VINTAGE Japanese Classics series is a stunning collection of masterpieces, the perfect place to start reading contemporary Japanese fiction. You can find out more about these five books here ????????https://t.co/IbeCtVnSMR pic.twitter.com/SUh6WHU0XV VINTAGE Books (@vintagebooks) October 23, 2019 Vintage Classic Japanese Series This series feature five masterpieces of Japanese fiction in gorgeous new gift editions. The titles in this series include The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle by Haruki Murakami, The Housekeeper and the Professor by Yoko Ogawa, Out by Natsuo Kirino, The Makioka Sisters by Junichiro Tanizaki and The Sailor Who Fell from Grace With the Sea by Yukio Mishima. If like me, you are a die-hard fan of Japanese literature or you are just looking to expand your literary horizons, then you absolutely need this stunning series for your collection. Penguin European Writers Isabel Wall, Vikings editor behind the rediscovered classics, said the idea behind this series was to promote literature in translation to British readers The writers featured in this collection hail from Spain, Italy, France, Germany and Sweden, introduced by renowned English writers. The current series features the following titles: Death in Spring by Merce Rodoreda, introduced by Colm Toibin The Beautiful Summer by Cesare Pavese, introduced by Elizabeth Strout The Lady and the Little Fox Fur by Violette Leduc, introduced by Deborah Levy The Train Was On Time by Heinrich Boll, introduced by Anna Funder A Moth to a Flame by Stig Dagerman, introduced by Siri Hustvedt The Ghost Stories of Edith Wharton by Edith Wharton (Virago modern classics) This stunning designer hardback from the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Literature is a must-have for fans of Gothic fiction. In these powerful and elegant tales, Edith Wharton evokes moods of disquiet and darkness within her own era. In icy new England a fearsome double foreshadows the fate of a rich young man; a married farmer is bewitched by a dead girl; a ghostly bell saves a woman’s reputation. Brittany conjures ancient cruelties, Dorset witnesses a retrospective haunting and a New York club cushions an elderly aesthete as he tells of the ghastly eyes haunting his nights. With a new introduction by Kelly Link, the stories in this book include: The Lady’s Maid’s Bell; The Eyes; Afterward; Kerfol; The Triumph of Night: Miss Mary Pask; Bewitched; Mr Jones; Pomegranate Seed; The Looking Glass; All Souls’. Gayl Jones (Virago Modern Classics) Corregidora is a lost masterpiece of African American literature and is a Virago Modern Classics lead title for 2019. When it was first published in 1975, Corregidora was hailed a masterpiece by acclaimed writers including James Baldwin, Maya Angelou, Toni Morrison and John Updike. Considered as one of the most significant 20th century works of African-American literature, this is a powerful portrait of the trauma of slavery through the life of a Kentucky blues singer. Now it is being published in the UK with two of Jones’s later novels, Eva’s Man  and  The Healing. Matchbooks Classics (4th Estate) The idea behind this eye-popping quirky collection is quite innovative. In the mid-20th century, the matchbox industry was booming. Companies had to stand out, so they began commissioning designers and illustrators to create tiny works of graphic art for their labels. Despite its limitations, this small canvas allowed for some big ideas. These micro-masterpieces serve as the inspiration for our new 4th Estate Matchbook Classics series. The ten books in the series â€" novels, memoirs and one very unusual biography â€" are some of the best loved and most admired that 4th estate have published over the years. Titles include: Empire of the Sun  by J.G. Ballard The Diving Bell and the Butterfly  by Jean-Dominique Bauby Blue Flower  by Penelope Fitzgerald The Corrections  by Jonathan Franzen A Place of Greater Safety  by Hilary Mantel Stuart: A Life Backwards  by Alexander Masters Americanah  by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie The Things They Carried  by Tim O’Brien The Shipping News  by Annie Proulx Bad Blood  by Lorna Sage Elizabeth Hardwick Reissues (Faber) Faber has published two iconic books by the celebrated American essayist and novelist Elizabeth Hardwick, whom Joyce Carol Oates compare to Virginia Woolf. The reissues feature striking cover designs and new forewords by Eimear McBride and Deborah Levy championing Hardwick’s writing. Seduction and Betrayal is a sophisticated and radical collection of essays exploring feminism and literature. This book paints a brilliant portrait of the presence of women in literature from Brontë sisters, Ibsens women, Don Giovanni to Virginia Woolf, Sylvia Plath, and Zelda Fitzgerald. Sleepless Nights is a melancholic portrayal of a woman looking back at her life. Blending autofiction and prose poetry, this reads like an intimate look into a vibrant life.

Similarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism - 843 Words

Religion seems to structure the way people think, but not necessarily change a person’s life, like magic. The only realistic thing we can say that’s close to magic, is science itself! However, It’s interesting to see that although Western culture is surrounded by the thought of Christianity, we can clearly see that the religion itself is fairly young. Take Hinduism and Buddhism, for example, which might be considered very similar in the fact that Buddhism was born from Hinduism. Although in Western context, Hinduism is referred to as a religion. Hindu traditionalists on the other-hand call it â€Å"Sanatana Dharma† and consider it a culture or a â€Å"way of life†. When we analyze the facts and break the two religions down, we can depict that both Hinduism and Buddhism have differences in views, practices, and beliefs. Although both religions originate from India, the views in both religion are quite different. Hinduism which has evidence that dates back to 10,000 B.C. focuses on understanding existence from within the Atman or â€Å"eternal self†, whereas Buddhism, beginning during the 6th century B.C. founded by Prince Siddhartha underlines finding the Anatman—â€Å"not self†. In other words, Hinduism views reality as all things united as one divinity, while Buddhism perceives reality as nothingness. The fact that one correlates to â€Å"nothingness†, while the other is â€Å"everything†, shows completely opposite views of both religions. Whether one chooses between everything or nothing, it’sShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism948 Words   |  4 PagesBoth Hinduism and Buddhism came from the region called India. Hinduism was the dominant one in the subcontinent, while Buddhism had to flee to other regions to spread its belief to th e people. The creation of Hinduism will eventually give birth to Buddhism later on. Even though both â€Å"religions† came from the same region, they have some similarities and differences between them. Hinduism from the start was a combination of different beliefs or ceremonies from the Indus Valley Civilization. All ofRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism995 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast Essay Hinduism and Buddhism There are more than seven billion people living across the world and about 19 major religions with about 270 subgroups. In many states and countries, there are two or more religions that are being practiced by its residents. Hinduism and Buddhism are two of the 19 major religions, that are widely practiced. Hinduism and Buddhism both have common origins, and share similar beliefs. Both Hinduism and Buddhism are religions that focus on the way to liveRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism856 Words   |  4 PagesLearning about both Hinduism and Buddhism, particularly about the art and architecture of both cultures made me realize they are not that different as I thought first. Both cultures are beautiful and rich, and if someone takes a deeper look can see that they are depending on each other. Many people forget that Buddha was born into a Hindu society, and his views and beliefs which led to a brand new culture are based on Hinduism. Of course I am not saying the two are the same because that wouldn’tRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism863 Words   |  4 PagesPHIL 2120 Paper #1 Xinyang Wang Comparison of Permanence between Hinduism and Buddhism Hinduism and Buddhism have common origins in the Ganges culture of northern India around 500 BCE. We have to admit that they share a lot of similarities, but also involve tons of differences. For example, as Hinduism claims that Atman is Brahman, Buddhism reject the existence of Atman. Hindus think that the way to becoming enlightened is to union with God, but Buddhists pursue a throughout understanding of theRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism975 Words   |  4 PagesHinduism and Buddhism have a connected history as both of these religions use similar teachings and terminologies to maintain order among their respective followers and societies. Ideally a society’s religious teachings should contribute to its political, social, economic and cultural discussions. However, correlating this way of thinking to a political theology may prove to be difficult because most people have more important matters to be concerned about than adhering to morale. Various peopleR ead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism1351 Words   |  6 Pagesreligions, Hinduism and Buddhism, that came out of India thousands of years ago. Though these two religions are old, they are still practiced today by millions of followers within the continent of Asia and the West. First, I would like to introduce the religion of Hinduism. The term Hinduism was derived a river of South Asia, the Indus. This term was used by the ancient Persians to classify the people of that region of the North-West territory of the subcontinent. Indian religion, Hinduism, was theRead MoreSimilarities Between Buddhism And Hinduism1404 Words   |  6 Pages Buddhism and Hinduism are closely related when comparing the two. Buddhism was created based on the ideologies of Hinduism. There differences on their views with the idea of self and transmigration. They compare with one another with the problems of having senses, desires and anger. Hinduism believes in everything being unified together as one ultimate reality, which is Brahman. Brahman is the truth of all. Atman is considered as the true and pure self. Atman and Brahman are identical with oneRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism942 Words   |  4 PagesCCOT Essay Hinduism and Buddhism were both founded and popular in northern India by 600 CE. Although Hinduism and the Hindu caste system maintained a strong influence in South Asia throughout 600-1750 CE, the Hindu majority eventually gave way as Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, and syncretic faiths gradually moved in and across the Indian Ocean basin by 1750 CE. Even then, Hinduism did spread from northern India through southern India to Southeast Asia. The caste system was maintained from 600-1750Read MoreSimilarities and Difference Between Hinduism and Buddhism. Essay2345 Words   |  10 PagesSimilarities and difference between Hinduism and Buddhism. Buddhism believes in the process of reincarnation based on deeds of the present life. Hinduism also believes that everyone is a part of an impersonal world and therefore, ones soul reincarnates into another body of any being, based on the deeds of the present life. One has to work for salvation oneself and therefore, cannot blame others for the same. The salvation depends on the good deeds of a person. In Hinduism also, one attains salvationRead MoreThe Similarities and Differences between Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism1194 Words   |  5 Pagesteachings: Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. These three sects in religious thinking have many similarities as all recognize the life-cycle and the need of liberation, they worship one central deity that used to be a human who gained enlightenment and they all recognize the existence of the eternal soul and after-death re-incarnation. However, they also share a lot of differences that mark the underlying principles of practicing them. I will identify the scope of differences and similarities in these

Eco/365 Essay example - 628 Words

Supply and Demand simulation LaKeith A. Atkins Sr. ECO/365 February 28, 2013 Watson Ragin Supply and Demand simulation †¢ Identify two microeconomics and two macroeconomics principles or concepts from the simulation. Explain why you have categorized these principles or concepts as macroeconomic or microeconomic. Supply and demand was affected by decreasing the rent to lower the vacancy percentage and maximize revenue for the company. This process is considered a temporary fix on a month-to-month basis and a good example of microeconomics. Another example of microeconomics is when the new company came into town and increased the population along with jobs. The population and job increase suggest they increase rental rates in†¦show more content†¦This adjustment will continue until equilibrium is reached between the new demand curve and original supply curve. At the new equilibrium, the rental rate is higher than before, and the number of apartments demanded and supplied has increase (University of Phoenix, 2003). †¢ How may you apply what you learned about supply and demand from the simulation to your workplace or your understanding of a real-world product with which you are familiar? Supply and demand in my job market is based on attendance. Anytime we are expecting high attendance we order a higher volume of goods. When lower attendance we order a lower volume of goods even though the demand for the good may still be there. The attendance also affects the amount of employee we having working on any giving day. †¢ How do the concepts of microeconomics help you understand the factors that affect shifts in supply and demand on the equilibrium price and quantity? The supply and demand in microeconomics relies on competitors and the prices. The equilibrium is a point at which all the bidding is done. †¢ How do the concepts of macroeconomics help you understand the factors that affect shifts in supply and demand on the equilibrium price and quantity? Macroeconomics showed how the increase in jobs and population affects the increase or decrease on the apartments. Equilibrium rental rate is higher than before, and the number of apartments demanded and supplied has increase †¢ Relating to the simulation,Show MoreRelatedEco/365651 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is an externality? Provide at least three examples. How does one of the examples you provided affect the market outcome? What is the role of government in addressing the implications of an externality you provided as an example? Is it possible that a government’s solution to a market failure would worsen the failure? Explain your answer. Externality is defined as an effect of a decision on a third party not taken into account by the decision maker. There are two types of externalities beingRead MoreEco 3653142 Words   |  13 PagesCourse Design Guide School of Business ECO/365 Version 4 Principles of Microeconomics Copyright  © 2011, 2008, 2007, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides students with the basic theories, concepts, terminology, and uses of microeconomics. Students learn practical applications for microeconomics in their personal and professional lives through assimilation of fundamental concepts and analysis of actual economic events. Policies Read MoreEco 365 Final1137 Words   |  5 PagesFinal Exam University of Phoenix ECO/365 Question One    What is the most important determinant of price elasticity of demand? Why is this so?    Price elasticity that relates to demand is determined by many factors. Price elasticity is measured by the change in price and the response from consumer demand. The demand of a good or service will vary the price in the item. The most important factor to determine the price elasticity of demand is necessity. If a good is a necessity, theRead MoreStudy Guide Eco/3652084 Words   |  9 PagesECO/365 Final Examination Study Guide This study guide prepares you for the Final Examination you complete in the last week of the course. It contains practice questions, which are related to each week’s objectives. Highlight the correct response, and then refer to the answer key at the end of this Study Guide to check your answers. Use each week’s questions as a self-test at the start of a new week to reflect on the previous week’s concepts. When you come across concepts that you are unfamiliarRead Moreeco 365 week syllabus1755 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ Syllabus School of Business ECO/365 Version 4 Principles of Microeconomics Copyright  © 2011, 2008, 2007, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides students with the basic theories, concepts, terminology, and uses of microeconomics. Students learn practical applications for microeconomics in their personal and professional lives through assimilation of fundamental concepts and analysis of actual economic events. Policies FacultyRead Moreeco/365 week 2 individual1293 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Supply and Demand Simulation ECO 365 Supply and Demand Simulation The Supply and Demand simulation was reviewed on the student website demonstrated the concepts of the concepts of microeconomics and macroeconomics. The principles of microeconomics and macroeconomics were explained and applied throughout the simulation demonstrate the rationale for the shifts in the supply and demand curve. Each shift is analyzed showing the effects of the equilibriumRead MoreEssay about Eco/365 Supply and Demand863 Words   |  4 PagesSupply and Demand ECO/365 Supply and Demand The economy is run by the concept of supply and demand. The simulation provided a practical learning experience that brings together the concept of micro and macro economics. I will try to summarize my findings and the inner workings of the concept of supply and demand that the simulation offered. Economics is defined as â€Å"the study of how human beings coordinate their wants and desires, given the decision-making mechanisms, socialRead MoreSupply Demand Paper Eco/3651105 Words   |  5 PagesSupply and Demand Simulation University of Phoenix May 9, 2013 ECO/365 - Principles of Microeconomics The Supply and Demand Simulation consist of microeconomics and macroeconomics concepts. The concepts are explained and how they apply to the principle of microeconomics and macroeconomics. The simulations presents shifts in the supply and demand curve, the rationale for the shift is given. Each shift is analyzed showing the effects of the equilibrium price, quantity, and decision makingRead MoreEco 365 Supply Demand Paper1082 Words   |  5 PagesSupply amp; Demand Simulation Erica Bradford ECO/365 June 19, 2013 Jeremy Alessandro Supply amp; Demand Simulation Goodlife Management is the sole provider of apartments available for rent in the city of Atlantis in which the supply and demand simulation provided by UPOX takes place. The simulation provides excellent, real-life examples of how the supply and demand curves may shift based upon various factors that occur within the market in Atlantis. The following details such examples asRead MoreKudler Fine Food- Eco 365 Essay1106 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiating Between Market Structures in Kudler ECO 365/ Lisa Messemer Sharonda Shelton July 23, 2012 Kudler Foods specializes in providing unique and high quality ingredients for the gourmet chef. In an effort to increase profits, the company is interested in adding catering to its service offerings. The

Feminism And Gender Equality In The 1990’s Free Essays

Overall, the rights and status of women have improved considerably in the last century; however, gender equality has recently been threatened within the last decade. Blatantly sexist laws and practices are slowly being eliminated while social perceptions of â€Å"women’s roles† continue to stagnate and even degrade back to traditional ideals. It is these social perceptions that challenge the evolution of women as equal on all levels. We will write a custom essay sample on Feminism And Gender Equality In The 1990’s or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this study, I will argue that subtle and blatant sexism continues to exist throughout educational, economic, Women who carefully follow their expected roles may never ecognize sexism as an oppressive force in their life. I find many parallels between women’s experiences in the nineties with Betty Friedan’s, in her essay: The Way We Were – 1949. She dealt with a society that expected women to fulfill certain roles. Those roles completely disregarded the needs of educated and motivated business women and scientific women. Actually, the subtle message that society gave was that the educated woman was I remember in particular the searing effect on me, who once intended to be a psychologist, of a story in McCall’s in December 1949 called â€Å"A Weekend with Daddy. A little girl who lives a lonely life with her mother, divorced, an intellectual know-it-all psychologist, goes to the country to spend a weekend with her father and his new wife, who is wholesome, happy, and a good cook and gardener. And there is love and laughter and growing flowers and hot clams and a gourmet cheese omelet and square dancing, and she doesn’t want to go home. But, pitying her poor mother typing away all by herself in the lonesome apartment, she keeps her guilty secret that from now on she will be living for the moments when she can escape to that dream home n the country where they know â€Å"what life is all about. † (See I have often consulted my grandparents about their experiences, and I find their historical perspective enlightening. My grandmother was pregnant with her third child in 1949. Her work experience included: interior design and modeling women’s clothes for the Sears catalog. I asked her to read the Friedan essay and let me know if she felt as moved as I was, and to share with me her experiences of sexism. Her immediate reaction was to point out that â€Å"Betty Friedan was a college educated woman and she had certain goals that never interested me. My grandmother, though growing up during a time when women had few social rights, said she didn’t experience oppressive sexism in her life. However, when she describes her life accomplishments, I feel she has spent most of her life fulfilling the expected roles of women instead of pursuing goals that were mostly reserved for men. Unknowingly, her life was controlled by traditional, sexist values prevalent in her time and still prevalent in the nineties. Twenty-four years after the above article from McCall’s magazine was written, the Supreme Court decided whether women should have a right to an abortion in Roe v. Wade (410 U. S. 113 (1973)). I believe the decision was made in favor of women’s rights mostly because the court made a progressive decision to consider the woman as a human who may be motivated by other things in life than just being a mother. Justice Blackmun delivered the Maternity, or additional offspring, may force upon the woman a distressful life and future. Psychological harm may be imminent. Mental and physical health may be taxed by child care. There is also a distress, for all concerned, associated with the unwanted child, and there is the problem of bringing a child into a family lready unable, psychologically and otherwise, to care for it. In other cases, as in this one, the additional difficulties and continuing stigma of unwed motherhood may be involved. I feel the court decision of Roe v. Wade would not have been made in 1949. Even in 1973, it was a progressive decision. The problem of abortion has existed for the entire history of this country (and beyond), but had never been addressed because discussing these issues was not socially acceptable. A culture of not discussing issues that have a profound impact on women is a culture that encourages women to be powerless. The right of abortion became a major issue. Before 1970, about a million abortions were done every year, of which only about ten thousand were legal. Perhaps a third of the women having illegal abortions – mostly poor people – had to be hospitalized for complications. How many thousands died as a result of these illegal abortions no one really knows. But the illegalization of abortion clearly worked against the poor, for the rich could manage either to have their baby or to have their abortion under A critic of the women’s movement would quickly remind us that omen have a right to decline marriage and sex, and pursue their individual interests. However, I would argue that the social pressure women must endure if they do not conform to their expected role is unfair. The problem goes beyond social conformity and crosses into government intervention (or lack thereof). The 1980’s saw the pendulum swing against the women’s movement. Violent acts against women who sought abortions became common and the government was unsympathetic to the victims. There are parallels between the Southern Black’s civil rights movement and the women’s movement: Blacks have long been ccustomed to the white government being unsympathetic to violent acts against them. During the civil rights movement, legal action seemed only to come when a white civil rights activist was killed. Women are facing similar disregard presently, and their movement is truly one for civil rights. A national campaign by the National Organization of Women began on 2 March 1984, demanding that the US Justice Department investigate anti-abortion terrorism. On 1 August federal authorities finally agreed to begin to monitor the violence. However, Federal Bureau of Investigation director, William Webster, declared that he saw no evidence of â€Å"terrorism. † Only on 3 January 1985, in a pro-forma statement, did the President criticize the series of bombings as â€Å"violent anarchist acts† but he still refused to term them â€Å"terrorism. Reagan deferred to Moral Majoritarian Jerry Falwell’s subsequent campaign to have fifteen million Americans wear â€Å"armbands† on 22 January 1985, â€Å"one for every legal abortion† since 1973. Falwell’s anti- abortion outburst epitomized Reaganism’s orientation: â€Å"We can no longer passively and quietly wait for the Supreme Court to change their mind or for Congress to pass a law. Extremism on the right was no vice, moderation no virtue. Or, as Hitler explained in Mein Kamph, â€Å"The very first essential for success is a perpetually constant and regular employment of violence. (See This mentality continued on through 1989 during the Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (109 S. Ct. 3040 (1989)) case. â€Å"The Reagan Administration had urged the Supreme Court to use this case as the basis for overturning Roe v. Wade. † (See Endnote #5) It is disturbing that the slow gains achieved by the women’s movement are so volatile and endangered when conservative dministrations gain a majority in government. To put the problem into perspective: a woman’s right to have an abortion in this country did not come until 1973. Less than two decades later, the president of the United States is pushing to take that right away. It seems blatant that society is bent on putting women in From the above examples, it appears American culture prefers women as non- professional, non-intellectual, homemakers and mothers. This mentality is not easily resolved, because it is introduced at a young age. Alice Brooks experienced inequality on the basis of her race and her sex. In her autobiography, A Dream Deferred, she recalls the reaction of her father when she brought up the idea of college to him: I found a scholarship for veterans’ children and asked my father to sign and furnish proof that he was a veteran. He refused and told me that I was only going to get married and have babies. I needed to stay home and help my mother with her kids. My brother needed college to support a family. Not only was I not going to get any help, I was also tagged as selfish because I wanted to go This is another example of women being labeled as selfish for wanting the same opportunities as men. Alice Brooks is a very courageous woman; seemingly able to overcome any oppression she may encounter. During her presentation to our class, she said that â€Å"women who succeed in male dominated fields are never mediocre – they are extraordinary achievers. Her insight encapsulates much of the subtle sexism that exists today. I feel that no one can truly be equal in a society when only the â€Å"extraordinary achievers† are allowed to succeed out of their This attitude of rising blatant and subtle attacks on women’s civil rights is further exemplified in recent reactions to affirmative action plans. These plans have been devised to try to give women and minorities an opportunity to participate in traditionally white male dominated areas. However, we see the same trends in legal action for the use of affirmative action plans as we saw in the 1980’s backlash against the Roe v. Wade decision. A few interesting points were presented in the case, Johnson v. Transportation Agency, Santa Clara (480 U. S. 616 (1987)). Mr. Paul E. Johnson filed suit against the Santa Clara County Transportation Agency when he was denied a promotion, feeling the company’s affirmative action plan denied him of his ivil rights. Some interesting facts were presented in this case: Specifically, 9 of the 10 Para-Professionals and 110 of the 145 Office and Clerical Workers were women. By contrast, women were only 2 of the 28 Officials and Administrators, 5 of the 58 Professionals, 12 of the 124 Technicians, none of the Skilled Crafts Workers, and 1 – who was Joyce – of the 110 Road Maintenance Workers. (See Endnote # 7) The above statistics show women have been considerably underrepresented at the Santa Clara County Transportation Agency. These numbers are not uncommon and are found throughout business. It is interesting to note the current popular perception is that affirmative action precludes white males from finding employment with companies that implement these plans. The truth is in the numbers, however. The fact that Mr. Johnson felt he was denied his civil rights because an equally qualified woman was given a promotion, instead of him, is just a small window into the subtle sexism that exists today. Most critics of affirmative action do not consider the grossly unequal numbers of men in management and professional positions. Secondly, it never seems an issue of debate that a woman may have had no other previous life pportunities in these male dominated areas. I do not intend to argue that affirmative action is good or bad, but only wish to point out that the current backlash against these programs is heavily rooted in sexism and racism. Often blatant violence or unfair acts against a group of people will cause that group to pull together and empower themselves against their oppressors. The women’s movement has made large steps to eliminate many of these blatantly sexist acts in the last century. Now the real difficulty is upon us: subtle acts of sexism and the degrading social roles of women in today’s onservative culture. Alice Brooks so eloquently described her experiences with inequality, stating, â€Å"the worse pain came from those little things people said or did to me. † As these â€Å"little things† accumulate in the experience of a young woman, she increasingly finds herself powerless in her relationships, employment, economics, and society in general. The female child has as many goals as the male child, but statistically she is unable to realize these goals because of the obstacles that society sets in front of her. Society and media attempt to create an illusion that women have every right that men enjoy. How to cite Feminism And Gender Equality In The 1990’s, Essay examples

Teenage Suicide Essays - Psychiatric Diagnosis, Abnormal Psychology

Teenage Suicide Teenage suicide occurs at an alarming rate and can be directly attributed to three main causes: depression, substance abuse, and relationships. This terrible phenomenon is rapidly increasing in the United States and only in the last decade has any serious attention been paid to the underlying causes. Suicide is the third leading cause of death for young people between the ages of 15-25, with only accidents and homicide being more common! Most teenagers express various warning signs before they attempt suicide. Therefore, suicide is a preventable occurrence in the vast majority of cases. Depression is by far the leading cause of teenage suicide. Depression is a disease that afflicts the human psyche in such a way that the afflicted tends to act and react abnormally toward others and themselves. Therefore it comes as no surprise to discover that adolescent depression is strongly linked to teenage suicide. Adolescent suicide is now responsible for more deaths in youths aged 15 to 19 than cardiovascular disease or cancer (Blackman, 1995). Despite this increased suicide rate, depression in this age group is greatly underdiagnosed and leads to serious difficulties in school, work, and personal adjustment, which may often continue into adulthood. Brown (1996) has said the reason why depression is often overlooked in children and adolescents is because "children are not always able to express how they feel." Sometimes the symptoms of mood disorders take on different forms in children than in adults. Adolescence is a time of emotional turmoil, mood swings, gloomy thoughts and heightened sensitivity. It is a time of rebellion and experimentation. Blackman (1995) observed that the"challenge is to identify depressive symptomatology which may be superimposed on the backdrop of a more transient, but expected, developmental storm." Therefore, diagnosis should not lie only in the physician's hands but be associated with parents, teachers and anyone who interacts with the child on a regular basis. Unlike adult depression, symptoms of youth depression are often masked. Instead of expressing sadness, teenagers may express boredom and irritability, or may choose to engage in risky behaviors (Oster & Montgomery, 1996). Mood disorders are often accompanied by other psychological problems such as anxiety (Oster & Montgomery, 1996), eating disorders, hyperactivity, substance abuse, and suicide, all of which can hide depressive symptoms. The signs of clinical depression include marked changes in mood and associated behaviors that range from sadness, withdrawal, and decreased energy to intense feelings of hopelessness and suicidal thoughts. Depression is often described as "an exaggeration of the duration and intensity of normal mood changes" (Brown, 1996). Key indicators of adolescent depression include a drastic change in eating and sleeping patterns, significant loss of interest in previous activity interests (Blackman, 1995), disruptive behavior, peer problems, increased irritability and aggression (Brown, 1996). Blackman (1995) proposed that "formal psychological testing may be helpful in complicated presentations that do not lend themselves easily to diagnosis." For many teens, symptoms of depression are directly related to low self-esteem stemming from increased emphasis on peer popularity. For other teens, depression arises from poor family relations, which could include decreased family support and perceived rejection by parents (Lasko, 1996). Oster & Montgomery (1996) stated that "when parents are struggling over marital or career problems, or are ill themselves, teens may feel the tension and try to distract their parents." This "distraction" may include increased disruptive behavior, self-inflicted isolation, or even verbal threats of suicide. So how can we determine if someone should be diagnosed as depressed or suicidal? Brown (1996) suggested the best way to diagnose is to "screen out the vulnerable groups of children and adolescents for the risk factors of suicide and then refer them for treatment." Some of these "risk factors" include verbal signs of suicide within the last three months, prior attempts at suicide, indications of severe mood problems, or excessive alcohol and/or drug use. Many physicians tend to think of depression as an illness of adulthood. In fact, Brown (1996) stated that "it was only in the 1980's that mood disorders in children were included in the category of diagnosed psychiatric illnesses." In actuality, 7-14% of children will experience an episode of major depression before the age of 15. In a sampling of 100,000 adolescents, two to three thousand will have mood disorders out of which 8-10 will commit suicide (Brown, 1996). Blackman (1995) remarked that the suicide rate for adolescents has increased more than 200% over the last decade. Brown (1996) added that an estimated 2000 teenagers a year commit suicide each year in the United States, making it the leading cause of death after accidents and homicide. Blackman